- Adjust oven rack to lower-middle position and heat oven to 375 degrees. Sprinkle 4 cod fillets all over with ½ teaspoon table salt and ½ teaspoon pepper.
- Heat 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil in large Dutch oven over medium-high heat until shimmering. Add 6 ounces finely chopped thick-cut bacon and cook until rendered and crisp, 5 to 7 minutes. Using slotted spoon, transfer bacon to paper towel–lined plate.
- Add 1 pound cremini mushrooms, quartered; 2 minced shallots; and remaining ¼ teaspoon salt to fat remaining in pot and cook, stirring occasionally, until mushrooms release their liquid and begin to soften, about 7 minutes. Stir in 4 minced garlic cloves and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute.
- Stir in ¾ cup white wine and scrape up any browned bits. Add 3 cups vegetable broth and 2 teaspoons minced rosemary and cook until slightly reduced, 6 to 8 minutes.
- Arrange cod evenly on top of mushrooms. Cover pot, transfer to oven, and cook until thickest part of fish registers 130 degrees, about 12 minutes.
- Transfer cod to serving bowls. Stir 2 tablespoons unsalted butter into mushroom mixture. Divide mushrooms and broth evenly among bowls. Top with bacon and 1 tablespoon fresh chives, cut into 1-inch pieces on bias. Serve.
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