- Adjust oven rack to lowest position and heat oven to 450 degrees. Place 1 whole chicken breast side down on cutting board. Using kitchen shears, cut through bones on either side of backbone; discard backbone. Flip chicken over and press on breastbone to flatten. Tuck wingtips underneath. Pat chicken dry with paper towels and sprinkle all over with 1½ teaspoons table salt and ½ teaspoon pepper.
- Heat 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil in 12-inch skillet over medium-high heat until just smoking. Add chicken, breast side down, and reduce heat to medium. Place sheet of aluminum foil on top of chicken. Place 7-quart Dutch oven or large pot filled halfway with water on top of chicken and cook until skin is well-browned, 6 to 8 minutes.
- Carefully remove Dutch oven and remove skillet from heat. Gently transfer chicken to plate, breast side up.
- Add 1 pound Yukon Gold potatoes cut into ½-inch pieces, 3 cups kabocha squash cut into ½-inch pieces, and pinch salt to fat remaining in skillet. Cook until vegetables are just starting to brown, about 4 minutes. Return chicken to skillet, breast side up, over potatoes and squash.
- Add ½ cup water to skillet. Carefully transfer skillet to oven and roast until breast registers 160 degrees and thighs register 175 degrees, 30 to 35 minutes.
- Meanwhile, heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil in medium saucepan over medium-high heat. Add ¼ cup Thai red curry paste and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute. Crush 6 makrut lime leaves with your hand and add to curry paste, followed by 2 tablespoons grated ginger, 2 tablespoons minced lemongrass, and 4 minced garlic cloves. Cook until fragrant, about 1 minute longer. Stir in 2 cups canned coconut milk, 1 cup chicken broth, 2 teaspoons fish sauce, 2 teaspoons brown sugar, and remaining ½ teaspoon salt. Bring to boil, reduce heat to medium-low, and simmer until liquid turns bright red, about 5 minutes. Off heat, stir in 1 tablespoon lime juice, and season with salt, pepper, and brown sugar to taste.
- Transfer chicken to carving board. Pour curry sauce over potatoes and squash and stir to combine. Garnish with 4 thinly sliced scallions, 3 thinly sliced Thai chiles, 2 tablespoons chopped cilantro, and 2 tablespoons chopped Thai basil. Carve chicken and serve.
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